What is Narcissism?

Narcissism, in psychological terms, is a personality disorder characterized by:

• An inflated sense of self-importance;

• A constant need for admiration;

• A lack of empathy for others.

People with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) may seem charismatic and confident, but beneath that façade lies emotional fragility and hypersensitivity to criticism. Their relationships are often superficial and based on control and manipulation.

What is Gaslighting?

Gaslighting is a subtle yet extremely harmful form of psychological abuse. Its goal is to make the victim question their own reality and even their sanity. The term comes from the film Gaslight (1944), where a husband manipulates his wife into thinking she’s going insane.

Examples include:

• Denying having said something, even with proof;

• Minimizing the victim’s feelings (“You’re overreacting”);

• Rewriting past events;

• Making the victim constantly apologize.

How Narcissism and Gaslighting Are Connected

Narcissists often use gaslighting as a tool for emotional domination. By making the victim question their reality, the narcissist maintains control, fuels their power needs, and avoids accountability.

This dynamic creates a toxic cycle:

1. The narcissist acts harmfully;

2. When confronted, they deny or distort reality (gaslighting);

3. The victim doubts themselves and withdraws;

4. The narcissist strengthens their control.

Psychological Impacts on Victims

The consequences of gaslighting and narcissistic abuse are deep and long-lasting, including:

• Chronic anxiety;

• Low self-esteem;

• Constant guilt;

• Difficulty trusting oneself and others;

• Depression and panic disorder.

How to Protect Yourself

1. Recognize the signs: Learn about narcissism and gaslighting patterns.

2. Document events: Keep records of conversations and situations to preserve your reality.

3. Build self-esteem: Therapy, support groups, and self-awareness practices help you regain confidence.

4. Set firm boundaries: Saying “no” is a form of self-defense.

5. Seek professional help: Psychologists can support your emotional recovery process.

Final Thoughts

Understanding psychological manipulation is the first step toward freedom. No one deserves to live in a cycle of emotional abuse. Strengthen your mind, trust your perception, and above all, never normalize what hurts you. Recognizing the problem is the beginning of healing.